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General comment For each material or good with domestic production a regionalized LCI data set was established using Malaysian specific energy supply chains and if possible also Malaysian specific preliminary products.
The regionalisation was conducted based on the product systems in the GaBi 6.4 data base. Most of these product systems for materials/goods have German, European or Global boundary conditions.
Energy:
All energy data sets with exception of the compressed air processes (unit processes) are modelled with Malaysian boundary conditions. Fuel mixes (import and domestic production) are modelled according to statistical data and specific emission data for the relevant production countries and transportation routes.
Inorganic and organic chemicals:
For all inorganic and organic chemicals the assumption was made that thermal energy and steam is generated from natural gas.
Minerals:
According to the Malaysian Mineral Yearbook close to 100% of the Gypsum is imported from Thailand and Barite is imported from Thailand and China. These data sets were regionalized with Thai or Chinese energy data sets.
Construction materials:
The energy carriers used for the production of cement, calcium oxide or particles board varies a lot depending on county and region. For the cement production and lime (calcium oxide) production 95% coal use and 5% use of palm kernel shell (PKS) will be assumed based on several publications. The use of old tyres was neglected. For the production of particle boards or plywood energy supply (power and thermal energy) by biomass was assumed.
Metals:
The regionalization was done based on the experts at SIRIM and several publications as well as an extended internet research. For the metals gold, zinc, ferro chrome, ferro nickel and primary lead 100% or close to 100% import was found. A real regionalization (production in Malaysia) was not done for these metals, instead an import based on global production and the transport to Malaysia was modelled, resulting in so called consumption mixes. A copper matte process (100% import), a regionalized copper process based on imported copper matte and an additional global copper mix process were generated. Primary aluminium is not produced in Malaysia. The aluminium sheet and profile processes are based on a global primary aluminium mix, the extrusion process and the sheet making processes are regionalized. |
