| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | MY |
| Geographical representativeness description | The data set represents the country specific situation in Malaysia, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics. |
| Reference year | 2013 |
| Name |
Base name
; Treatment, standards, routes
; Mix and location types
; Quantitative product or process properties
Sulphuric acid; oxidation of sulphur; single route, at plant; 96%
|
| Use advice for data set | The data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Sulphuric acid has several application in the industry such as the production of fertilisers and battery acids. |
| Classification |
Class name
:
Hierarchy level
|
| General comment on data set | For each material or good with domestic production a regionalized LCI data set was established using Malaysian specific energy supply chains and if possible also Malaysian specific preliminary products. The regionalisation was conducted based on the product systems in the GaBi 6.4 data base. Most of these product systems for materials/goods have German, European or Global boundary conditions. Energy: All energy data sets with exception of the compressed air processes (unit processes) are modelled with Malaysian boundary conditions. Fuel mixes (import and domestic production) are modelled according to statistical data and specific emission data for the relevant production countries and transportation routes. Inorganic and organic chemicals: For all inorganic and organic chemicals the assumption was made that thermal energy and steam is generated from natural gas. Minerals: According to the Malaysian Mineral Yearbook close to 100% of the Gypsum is imported from Thailand and Barite is imported from Thailand and China. These data sets were regionalized with Thai or Chinese energy data sets. Construction materials: The energy carriers used for the production of cement, calcium oxide or particles board varies a lot depending on county and region. For the cement production and lime (calcium oxide) production 95% coal use and 5% use of palm kernel shell (PKS) will be assumed based on several publications. The use of old tyres was neglected. For the production of particle boards or plywood energy supply (power and thermal energy) by biomass was assumed. Metals: The regionalization was done based on the experts at SIRIM and several publications as well as an extended internet research. For the metals gold, zinc, ferro chrome, ferro nickel and primary lead 100% or close to 100% import was found. A real regionalization (production in Malaysia) was not done for these metals, instead an import based on global production and the transport to Malaysia was modelled, resulting in so called consumption mixes. A copper matte process (100% import), a regionalized copper process based on imported copper matte and an additional global copper mix process were generated. Primary aluminium is not produced in Malaysia. The aluminium sheet and profile processes are based on a global primary aluminium mix, the extrusion process and the sheet making processes are regionalized. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
|
| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2018 |
| Time representativeness description | Annual average |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Foreground system: In principle, sulphuric acid is produced by oxidizing sulphur to sulphur dioxide, further to sulphur trioxide and then dissolving the latter in water. Sulphur is first burned with dry air. Predominantly, sulphur dioxide is formed. The crucial step is the oxidation to sulphur trioxide. This is achieved in the contact process in several reactors with different catalysts. Subsequently, the sulphur trioxide is solved in concentrated sulphuric acid in several columns to form higher concentrated sulphuric acid. Quite frequently, sulphur dioxide is the starting material, as it is a by-product in many industrial processes, omitting the first oxidation step. Background system: Electricity, Thermal energy: The electricity (and thermal energy as by-product) used is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly the individual power plants in service are modelled according to the current national grid. This includes net losses and imported electricity. Second, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled. Third, the country-specific fuel supply (share of resources used, by import and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific properties (e.g. element and energy contents) are accounted for. Fourth, the import, transport, mining and exploration processes for the energy carrier supply chain are modelled according to the specific situation of each power-producing country. The different mining and exploration techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different exploration countries are accounted for according to current engineering knowledge and information. Steam: The steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to the technology efficiencies and energy carriers used. Efficiencies range from 84% to 94% in relation to the representative energy carrier (gas, oil, coal). Coal, crude oil and natural gas used for the generation of steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Transports: All relevant and known transport processes used are included. Overseas transport including rail and truck transport to and from major ports for imported bulk resources are included. Furthermore all relevant and known pipeline and / or tanker transport of gases and oil imports are included. Energy carriers: Coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Refinery products: Diesel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, basic oils and residues such as bitumen are modelled via a country-specific, refinery parameterized model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refinery techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption,...) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. Hence the refinery products used show the individual country-specific use of resources. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific crude oil situation with the respective properties of the resources. |
| Pictogram of technology | |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
| LCI method and allocation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of data set | LCI result | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LCI Method Principle | Attributional | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LCI method approaches |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviations from LCI method approaches / explanations | Foreground system: For the foreground system, no allocation was applied. Background system: For the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production allocation by net calorific value is applied. For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles " | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modelling constants | All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from modelling constants / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data cut-off and completeness principles | Cut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement). For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data selection and combination principles | For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data treatment and extrapolations principles | Malaysian conditions for power and thermal energy supply were used based on statistics and technology specific data to represent the specific country conditions. Consumption data (energy and materials) of the production mixes are based on technology specific documents representing a global average or European conditions. For the production of intermediates the same principles were applied. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage supply or production covered | 95.0 % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uncertainty adjustments | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Completeness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Completeness of product model | All relevant flows quantified | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported impact assessment methods |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Completeness elementary flows, per topic |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Validation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compliance Declarations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Not defined |
Nomenclature compliance
Not defined |
Methodological compliance
Not defined |
Review compliance
Not defined |
Documentation compliance
Not defined |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Not defined |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Not defined |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
| Commissioner and goal | |
| Commissioner of data set | |
| Intended applications | This background data set can be used for the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. |
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller | |
| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2015-03-01T07:00:00+08:00 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Data entry by | |
| Official approval of data set by producer/operator | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | cd2b6d8c-781e-4a80-b42a-940a84b6b098 |
| Date of last revision | 2015-03-01T07:00:00+08:00 |
| Data set version | 09.00.000 |
| Workflow and publication status | Data set finalised; entirely published |
| Unchanged re-publication of | |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Other |
| Access and use restrictions | The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies, to distribute it to third parties, to convert it to other formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the data sets of the Malaysian Life Cycle Inventory Database and the ILCD format are met that can be accessed via http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to the 'Owner of data set' and to the 'Malaysian Life Cycle Inventory Database' plus version number, when using the data set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete data set of the Malaysian Life Cycle Inventory Database, and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions. |