Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | MY |
| Geographical representativeness description | The data set represents the country specific situation in Malaysia, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics. |
| Reference year | 2013 |
| Name |
Base name
; Treatment, standards, routes
; Mix and location types
; Quantitative product or process properties
Natural gas mix; from onshore and offshore production, pipeline and LNG transport; consumption mix, to consumer; desulphurised
|
| Use advice for data set | The data set can be used by power plants, industries and end consumers. Combination with individual unit processes using the natural gas mix enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Natural gas for final consumer |
| Classification |
Class name
:
Hierarchy level
|
| General comment on data set | For each material or good with domestic production a regionalized LCI data set was established using Malaysian specific energy supply chains and if possible also Malaysian specific preliminary products. The regionalisation was conducted based on the product systems in the GaBi 6.4 data base. Most of these product systems for materials/goods have German, European or Global boundary conditions. Energy: All energy data sets with exception of the compressed air processes (unit processes) are modelled with Malaysian boundary conditions. Fuel mixes (import and domestic production) are modelled according to statistical data and specific emission data for the relevant production countries and transportation routes. Inorganic and organic chemicals: For all inorganic and organic chemicals the assumption was made that thermal energy and steam is generated from natural gas. Minerals: According to the Malaysian Mineral Yearbook close to 100% of the Gypsum is imported from Thailand and Barite is imported from Thailand and China. These data sets were regionalized with Thai or Chinese energy data sets. Construction materials: The energy carriers used for the production of cement, calcium oxide or particles board varies a lot depending on county and region. For the cement production and lime (calcium oxide) production 95% coal use and 5% use of palm kernel shell (PKS) will be assumed based on several publications. The use of old tyres was neglected. For the production of particle boards or plywood energy supply (power and thermal energy) by biomass was assumed. Metals: The regionalization was done based on the experts at SIRIM and several publications as well as an extended internet research. For the metals gold, zinc, ferro chrome, ferro nickel and primary lead 100% or close to 100% import was found. A real regionalization (production in Malaysia) was not done for these metals, instead an import based on global production and the transport to Malaysia was modelled, resulting in so called consumption mixes. A copper matte process (100% import), a regionalized copper process based on imported copper matte and an additional global copper mix process were generated. Primary aluminium is not produced in Malaysia. The aluminium sheet and profile processes are based on a global primary aluminium mix, the extrusion process and the sheet making processes are regionalized. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2018 |
| Time representativeness description | Annual average |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | 100% of natural gas is from local production. The production of natural gas is modelled as a combined production together with crude oil and NGL (Natural Gas Liquids). It comprises the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and NGL as well as all processing steps like desulphurisation of natural gas. The production of the hydrocarbons may take place onshore and offshore. Both are taken into account proportionate to their ratio of the total production in the respective country/region. For each county or region contributing to the Malaysian crude oil mix as well as for the Malaysian crude oil production itself country or region specific crude oil productions are modelled. Exploration: Exploration includes the search of hydrocarbon deposits and the drilling and finalising of wells. Production and Processing: The produced oil-gas mixture is a composite of crude oil, natural gas, associated gas, brine and other impurities. In a preparation process the natural gas and NGL are separated from the oil. Afterwards most of the water is separated from the oil by the means of different densities. The remaining emulsified water and salt is removed in a dewatering and desalting plant. Hydrogen sulphide contained in the natural gas in different concentrations, has to be removed before transportation via pipelines due to the high corrosive impact. The hydrogen sulphide is recovered from the natural gas by the Claus process producing elementary sulphur and, depending on technology standards, a certain amount of sulphur dioxide. The arising waste water is reinjected into the gas field, discharged into the sea or evaporated in pits. During preparation different kinds of waste and used chemicals occur which have to be disposed. A certain amount of gas and associated gas is flared or vented into the atmosphere because of leakage or due to security reasons. The mechanical energy and electricity for pumping and all other machinery is provided by gas turbines and diesel generators. At onshore facilities a certain amount is provided by the national/regional power grid, too. The following modelling was used for the natural gas transportation: National production: For national onshore production in Malaysia the same distance as for regional distribution was taken into account. For national offshore production in Malaysia, an additional transport between gas field and shore is considered. The data set considers the whole supply chain of natural gas i.e. exploration, production, processing (e.g. desulphurisation) and in case of LNG import, liquification / regasification of LNG, the long distance transport and the regional distribution to the final consumer. Losses occurring during transportation via pipeline or vessel are included. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs