| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | MY |
| Geographical representativeness description | The data set represents the country specific situation in Malaysia, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics. |
| Reference year | 2013 |
| Name |
Base name
; Treatment, standards, routes
; Mix and location types
; Quantitative product or process properties
Adipic acid; oxidation of cyclohexane; production mix, at plant; 1.36 g/cm3, 146 g/mol
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| Use advice for data set | The LCI data set should be used for LCI/ LCA studies where adipic acid is used along the production chain. The most important application field of adipic acid is in the use as monomer for the production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction with hexamethylene diamine forming 6,6-nylon.As well it can be used as a monomer for production of Polyurethane. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Adipic acid is mainly used as a precursor in the production of nylon. |
| Synonyms | C6H10O4, CAS 124-04-9, hexanedioic acid |
| Classification |
Class name
:
Hierarchy level
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| General comment on data set | For each material or good with domestic production a regionalized LCI data set was established using Malaysian specific energy supply chains and if possible also Malaysian specific preliminary products. The regionalisation was conducted based on the product systems in the GaBi 6.4 data base. Most of these product systems for materials/goods have German, European or Global boundary conditions. Energy: All energy data sets with exception of the compressed air processes (unit processes) are modelled with Malaysian boundary conditions. Fuel mixes (import and domestic production) are modelled according to statistical data and specific emission data for the relevant production countries and transportation routes. Inorganic and organic chemicals: For all inorganic and organic chemicals the assumption was made that thermal energy and steam is generated from natural gas. Minerals: According to the Malaysian Mineral Yearbook close to 100% of the Gypsum is imported from Thailand and Barite is imported from Thailand and China. These data sets were regionalized with Thai or Chinese energy data sets. Construction materials: The energy carriers used for the production of cement, calcium oxide or particles board varies a lot depending on county and region. For the cement production and lime (calcium oxide) production 95% coal use and 5% use of palm kernel shell (PKS) will be assumed based on several publications. The use of old tyres was neglected. For the production of particle boards or plywood energy supply (power and thermal energy) by biomass was assumed. Metals: The regionalization was done based on the experts at SIRIM and several publications as well as an extended internet research. For the metals gold, zinc, ferro chrome, ferro nickel and primary lead 100% or close to 100% import was found. A real regionalization (production in Malaysia) was not done for these metals, instead an import based on global production and the transport to Malaysia was modelled, resulting in so called consumption mixes. A copper matte process (100% import), a regionalized copper process based on imported copper matte and an additional global copper mix process were generated. Primary aluminium is not produced in Malaysia. The aluminium sheet and profile processes are based on a global primary aluminium mix, the extrusion process and the sheet making processes are regionalized. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2018 |
| Time representativeness description | Annual average |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Foreground system: Cyclohexane is oxidised to cyclohexylperoxide in a liquid-phase reaction with cobalt naphthenate as catalyst. In a peroxide converter the product is converted to a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohecanol (ketone alcohol oil = KA oil). It is washed with caustic soda and then treated with sulphuric acid to recover carboxylic acids as byproducts. Unreacted cyclohexane is distilled off and recycled. The KA oil is purified by evaporation and then oxidised with nitric acid at 70 °C and 1 atm to adipic acid. Nitric acid is partially recycled while crude adipic acid is purified by crystallization, centrifuging and washing. Background system: Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms. Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above). Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered. Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above). Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
| LCI method and allocation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of data set | LCI result | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LCI Method Principle | Attributional | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LCI method approaches |
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| Deviations from LCI method approaches / explanations | Foreground system: For the production of benzene needed for the production of cyclohexane, allocation by net calorific value is applied. Background system: For the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production allocation by net calorific value is applied. For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles " | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modelling constants | All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from modelling constants / explanations | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LCA methodology report | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data cut-off and completeness principles | Cut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement). For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data selection and combination principles | For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data treatment and extrapolations principles | Malaysian conditions for power and thermal energy supply were used based on statistics and technology specific data to represent the specific country conditions. Consumption data (energy and materials) of the production mixes are based on technology specific documents representing a global average or European conditions. For the production of intermediates the same principles were applied. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage supply or production covered | 95.0 % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uncertainty adjustments | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Completeness | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Completeness of product model | All relevant flows quantified | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported impact assessment methods |
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| Completeness elementary flows, per topic |
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| Validation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Compliance Declarations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Not defined |
Nomenclature compliance
Not defined |
Methodological compliance
Not defined |
Review compliance
Not defined |
Documentation compliance
Not defined |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Not defined |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Not defined |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
| Commissioner and goal | |
| Commissioner of data set | |
| Intended applications | This background data set can be used for the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. |
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller | |
| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2015-03-01T07:00:00+08:00 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Data entry by | |
| Official approval of data set by producer/operator | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | 8f95d603-9641-4c53-8bc4-7ff8cd5ec6e9 |
| Date of last revision | 2015-03-01T07:00:00+08:00 |
| Data set version | 09.00.000 |
| Workflow and publication status | Data set finalised; entirely published |
| Unchanged re-publication of | |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Other |
| Access and use restrictions | The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies, to distribute it to third parties, to convert it to other formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the data sets of the Malaysian Life Cycle Inventory Database and the ILCD format are met that can be accessed via http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to the 'Owner of data set' and to the 'Malaysian Life Cycle Inventory Database' plus version number, when using the data set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete data set of the Malaysian Life Cycle Inventory Database, and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions. |